¿ Pueden los servicios intensivos en conocimiento ser un nuevo motor de crecimiento en América Latina?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52712/issn.1850-0013-628Palabras clave:
servicios, cadenas globales de valor, innovación, desarrollo económico, América Latina, exportacionesResumen
En las últimas décadas el sector servicios no sólo ha seguido ganando peso en la estructura económica global, sino que ha sufrido transformaciones cualitativas profundas, entre las cuáles se destacan la emergencia y el crecimiento de un conjunto de actividades que se caracterizan por su alto nivel de innovación y su contribución al aumento de la productividad. Se trata de los llamados “servicios intensivos en conocimiento”, que agrupan a segmentos tan diversos como servicios contables y legales, arquitectura, audiovisuales, ingeniería, software, publicidad, investigación y desarrollo (I+D), o servicios de salud y educación, pero que comparten la característica de emplear intensivamente capital humano de alto nivel de calificación y de ser usuarias y productoras de información y conocimiento para prestar servicios a sus clientes. Alrededor de estos servicios, que son altamente transables, se han formado cadenas globales de valor, hecho que ha llevado a una activa competencia entre firmas y países para ingresar y escalar dentro de las mismas. Este artículo recoge evidencia respecto de la creciente relevancia de estos servicios en la economía mundial, analiza los determinantes de la competitividad en dichos sectores, y discute el actual rol y las potencialidades de América Latina en estos mercados, con el objetivo de derivar algunas lecciones de política para la región.
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