El Retorno de los "cerebros"

Regreso y Reintegración de los Investigadores Portugueses en Movilidad

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52712/issn.1850-0013-830

Palabras clave:

movilidad, investigadores, Portugal, ciencia

Resumen

Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar el regreso de científicos formados en el extranjero a países semi-periféricos, presentando resultados de una investigación desarrollada en Portugal. Se presentan no solo datos cuantitativos sobre los flujos de retorno y las modalidades de reintegración en el sistema científico, sino también información de carácter cualitativo, sustentada en entrevistas, en relación con las motivaciones, trayectorias de carrera e impacto de la movilidad en el trabajo científico. Se verificó que, aunque el volumen de retornos a Portugal es significativo y la capacidad de reingreso en el sistema científico es considerable, no está exenta de dificultades. Se identifican dos tipos de investigadores retornados, que corresponden a distintas situaciones de carrera y diferentes obstáculos para la continuidad de la actividad científica. Por último, se exploran los efectos positivos de la movilidad en la práctica científica y en el propio desarrollo del sistema de I+D, así como las barreras que dificultan su plena materialización.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Ana Delicado, Universidade de Lisboa

Investigadora Auxiliar, Instituto de Ciências Sociais.

Citas

ACKERS, L. (2005): “Moving People and Knowledge: Scientific Mobility in the European Union”, International Migration, vol. 43, nº 5, pp. 99-131.

ACKERS, L. et al. (2001): The Participation of Women Researchers in the TMR Marie Curie Fellowships, Bruxelas, Comissão Europeia.

AURIOL, L. (2007): “Labour Market Characteristics and International Mobility of Doctorate Holders: Results for Seven Countries”, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 2007/2, OECD Publishing.

AVVEDUTO, S. (2001): “International mobility of PhDs”, em OCDE: Innovative People: Mobility of Skilled Personnel in National Innovation Systems, Paris, OCDE, pp. 229-242.

BATALOVA, J. e LOWELL, B. L. (2006): “The best and the brightest: immigrant professionals in the US”, em M. P. Smith and A. Favell (eds.): The human face of global mobility, New Brunswick, Transaction Publishers, pp. 81-101.

BRANDI, M. C. (2006): “La historia del brain drain”, Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad - CTS, vol. 3, nº 7, pp. 65-85.

BUTI, A. (2008): “Movilidad de investigadores uruguayos”, Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad - CTS, vol. 4, nº 10, pp. 33-60.

CAÑIBANO, C., OTAMENDI, J. e ANDÚJAR, I. (2008): “Measuring and assessing researcher mobility from CV analysis: the case of the Ramón y Cajal programme in Spain”, Research Evaluation, vol. 17, nº 1, pp. 17–31.

CARR, S. C., INKSON, K. e THORN, K. (2005): “From global careers to talent flow: reinterpreting brain drain”, Journal of World Business, nº 40, pp. 386-398.

CASEY, T., MAHROUM, S., DUCATEL, K. e BARRÉ, R. (2001): The Mobility of Academic Researchers: Academic Careers and Recruitment in ICT and Biotechnology, Sevilha, IPTS-JRC-EC.

CRUZ-CASTRO, L. e SANZ-MENÉNDEZ, L. (2005): “Bringing science and technology human resources back in: the Spanish Ramón y Cajal programme”, Science and Public Policy, vol. 32, nº 1, pp. 39–53.

DAVENPORT, S. (2004): “Panic and panacea: brain drain and science and technology human capital policy”, Research Policy, nº 33, pp. 617–630.

DE FILIPPO, D., SANZ CASADO, E. e GÓMEZ, I. (2007): “Movilidad de investigadores y producción en coautoria para el estudio de la colaboración científica”, Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad - CTS, vol. 3, nº 8, pp. 23-40.

DELICADO, A. (2008): “Cientistas portugueses no estrangeiro: factores de mobilidade e relações de diáspora”, Sociologia Problemas e Práticas, nº 58, pp. 109-129.

DELICADO, A. (2009): “‘Lá fora com um pé cá dentro’: ligações dos cientistas expatriados ao sistema científico português”, em R. Carmo e J. A. Simões (eds.): A produção das mobilidades: redes, espacialidades e trajectos num mundo em globalização, Lisboa, Imprensa de Ciências Sociais, pp. 177-202.

DIAZ-BRIQUETS, S. e CHENEY, C. (2002): Biomedical Globalization: The International Migration of Scientists, New Brunswick, Transaction Publishers.

ENDERS, J. (2002): “Serving many masters: The PhD on the labour market, the everlasting need of inequality, and the premature death of Humboldt”, Higher Education, nº 44, pp. 493–517.

ENDERS, J. e DE WEERT, E. (2004): “Science, Training and Career: Changing Modes of Knowledge Production and Labour Markets”, Higher Education Policy, nº 17, pp. 135–152.

EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2001): A mobility strategy for the European Research Area: Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament, Brussels, EC, COM (2001)331 final.

EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2004): Europe needs more scientists: Report by the High Level Expert Group on Increasing Human Resources for S&T, Luxemburgo, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

FONTES, M. (2007): “Scientific mobility policies: How Portuguese scientists envisage the return home”, Science and Public Policy, vol. 34, nº 4, pp. 284-298.

GAILLARD, J. e GAILLARD, A. M. (1997), “The international mobility of brains: exodus or circulation?”, Science Technology and Society, nº 2, pp. 195-228.

GIBBONS, M. et al. (1997), The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies, Londres, Sage.

GILL, B. (2005): “Homeward bound? The experience of return mobility for Italian scientists”, Innovation, vol. 18, nº 3, pp. 319-337.

GPEARI (2009a): Sumários Estatísticos IPCTN 2007, Lisboa, GPEARI-MCTES.

GPEARI (2009b): Doutoramentos realizados ou reconhecidos por universidades portuguesas: 1970 a 2008, Lisboa, GPEARI-MCTES.

GPEARI (2009c): Docentes do Ensino Superior - 2001 a 2007, Lisboa, GPEARI-MCTES.

GPEARI (2009d): Produção Científica Portuguesa, 1981 – 2008: Indicadores Bibliométricos, Lisboa, GPEARI-MCTES.

GPEARI (2009e): Produção Científica Portuguesa, 1990 – 2008: Séries Estatísticas, Lisboa, GPEARI-MCTES.

GUIMARÃES, R. (2002): “A Diáspora: Um Estudo Exploratório sobre o Deslocamento Geográfico de Pesquisadores Brasileiros na Década de 90”, Dados – Revista de Ciências Sociais, nº 45, pp. 705-750.

HENKEL, M. (2000): Academic identities and policy chance in Higher Education. Londres, Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

IPTS (2007): Intra-EU mobility of researchers, Sevilha, IPTS.

KREIMER, P. (1997): “Migration of Scientists and the Building of a Laboratory in Argentina”, Science Technology Society, nº 2, pp. 229-259

LANGBERD, K. e GRAVERSEN, E. (2001): “Mobility among researchers”, Working Paper 2001/7, Aarhus, The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy.

LEE, J. J. e KIM, D. (2009): “Brain gain or brain circulation? U.S. doctoral recipients returning to South Korea”, Higher Education.

MAHROUM, S. (2000): The International Mobility of Academics: The UK Case (tese de doutoramento), Bundeswehr University, Hamburgo.

MIGUÉLEZ, E., MORENO, R. e SURIÑACH, J. (2009): “Scientists on the move: tracing scientists’ mobility and its spatial distribution”, III World Conference of Spatial Econometrics. Disponible en: http://www.ub.es/sea2009.com/Papers/90.pdf

MORANO-FOADI, S. (2005): “Scientific Mobility, Career Progression, and Excellence in the European Research Area”, International Migration, vol. 43, nº 5, pp. 133-162.

MORANO-FOADI, S. (2006): “Key issues and causes of the Italian brain drain”, Innovation, vol. 19, nº 2, pp. 209-220.

NERDRUM, L. e SARPEBAKKEN, B. (2006): “Mobility of foreign researchers in Norway”, Science and Public Policy, vol. 33, nº 3, pp. 217-229.

NUNES, J. A. e GONÇALVES, M. E. (2001): “Introdução”, em J. A. Nunes e M. E. Gonçalves (orgs.): Enteados de Galileu? A Semi-Periferia no Sistema Mundial da Ciência, Porto, Afrontamento, pp. 13-31.

OCES-OBSERVATÓRIO DA CI NCIA E ENSINO SUPERIOR (2005): Evolução da Qualificação do Pessoal Docente do Ensino Superior Universitário Público: 1993 a 2004, Lisboa, OCES/MCES.

OCT-OBSERVATÓRIO DAS CI NCIAS E TECNOLOGIAS (2000): Sumários Estatísticos IPCTN 1997, Lisboa, OCT/MCT.

RIZVI, F. (2005): “Rethinking ‘brain drain’ in the era of globalization”, Asia Pacific Journal of Education, vol. 25, nº 2, pp. 175-192.

SANTOS, B. S. (1985): “Estado e sociedade na semiperiferia do sistema mundial: o caso português”, Análise Social, vol. 21, nº 87-88-89, pp. 869-901.

SZÉLENYI, K. (2006): “Students without borders? Migratory decision-making among international graduate students in the US”, em M. P. Smith e A. Favell (orgs.): The Human Face of Global Mobility, New Brunswick, Transaction Publishers, pp. 181-209.

TEFERRA, D. (2005): “Brain Circulation: Unparalleled Opportunities, Underlying Challenges, and Outmoded Presumptions”, Journal of Studies in International Education, nº 9, pp. 229-250.

THORN, K. e HOLM-NIELSEN, L. B. (2006): “International mobility of researchers and scientists: policy options for turning a drain into a gain”, Research Paper n.º 2006/83, UN-WIDER. Disponible en: http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/research-papers/2006/en_GB/rp2006-83/.

TODISCO, E., BRANDI, M. C. e TATTOLO, G. (2003): “Skilled migration: a theoretical framework and the case of foreign researchers in Italy”, Fulgor, vol. 1, nº 3, pp. 115-130.

VAN DE SANDE, D., ACKERS, L. e GILL, B. (2005): Impact Assessment of the Marie Curie Fellowships under the 4th and 5th Framework Programs of Research and Technological Development of the EU (1994-2002), Bruxelas, Comissão Europeia. Disponible en: http://ec.europa.eu/research/fp6/mariecurie-actions/pdf/impact_fellow_en.pdf

Descargas

Publicado

2010-09-30

Cómo citar

Delicado, A. . (2010). El Retorno de los "cerebros": Regreso y Reintegración de los Investigadores Portugueses en Movilidad. Revista Iberoamericana De Ciencia, Tecnología Y Sociedad - CTS, 5(15), 185–218. https://doi.org/10.52712/issn.1850-0013-830

Número

Sección

Artículos