Do Scientists Solve or Create New Social Problems?
The Development of Fisheries Biology in Brazil (1967-1978)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52712/issn.1850-0013-412Keywords:
scientific problems, public problems, Fisheries Development Program, Brazil, FAOAbstract
The belief that science can provide objective solutions to public problems dates back to the 17th century. Faced with this belief, some studies investigated how to improve knowledge production processes to guide them towards the solution of public problems. In this article we invert the question: how does scientific knowledge participate in the construction of new public problems? We will argue that scientists participate, along with other social actors, in defining what is a public problem and what are its objective solutions. We will study the Fisheries Development Program (PDP) (1967-1978), signed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Brazil. The case is relevant because it was intended to increase fishery production to end hunger in the world. However, it contributed to the development of a fishing model based on the export of “fine” products to central markets. We will argue that the usefulness of knowledge is explained by the close relationship between the problems of industrial fishing and the problems of the PDP fishery biologists. To this end, we take up contributions from the social studies of science, the sociology of social problems, and field science studies. As for empirical material, we will consider the reports written and signed by the PDP fisheries biologists.
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