The Rankings and their Use in University Governance
Keywords:
rankings, higher education, university governance, public policiesAbstract
In spite of the overwhelming criticism that has been leveled against the university rankings by academics and university authorities from different countries, mainly due to the reductionism of the methodology used, centered on a single model of an elite research university, their impact on the governance of higher education institutions is increasingly important. In this article we analyze how, according to international experience, rankings influence university governance, affecting the decision-making process of its internal and external parties. Firstly, the main rankings are used by international students, especially those with greater financial and cultural capital, as a mechanism to confirm the choice made when they decide where to pursue their postgraduate courses. Secondly, they are used by governments to allocate scholarship funds for studies abroad and in the selection of a few institutions in order to establish them as “world class universities”. And finally, the structure of the institutions’ internal governance uses the rankings in the development of their strategic plans and in their benchmarking, analyzing how they can better compete for students and the financing of their countries and on the international stage.Downloads
References
ALBORNOZ, M. y OSORIO, L. (2017): “Uso público de la información: el caso de los rankings de universidades”, Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad-CTS, vol. 12, nº 34, pp. 11-49.
ALTBACH, P. (2010): “University Ranking Season is Here”, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 45, n° 49, pp. 14-17.
ALTBACH, P. (2012): “The globalization of College and University Rankings”, Change, Enero/Febrero, pp. 26-31.
AVRALEV, N. y EFIMOVA, I. (2015): “The Role of Global University Rankings in the Process of Increasing the Competitiveness of Russian Education in the Context of Globalization and the Export of Educational Technologies”, Universal Journal of Educational Research, vol. 3, n° 1, pp. 55-61.
BARSKY, O. (2014): La evaluación de la calidad académica en debate: los rankings internacionales de las universidades y el rol de las revistas científicas, Buenos Aires, Teseo-UAI.
BOWMAN, N. A. y BASTEDO, E. M. (2009): “Getting on the Front Page:
Organizational Reputation, Status Signals, and the Impact of U.S. News and World Report on Student Decisions”, Research in Higher Education, vol. 50, pp. 415-436.
BOWMAN, N. A. y BASTEDO, E. M. (2011): “’Anchoring the World University Rankings”, International Higher Education, vol. 65, pp. 2-4.
CHAN, S. (2012): “Enhancing Global Competitiveness: University Ranking Movement in Asia. The Academic Rankings and Advancement of Higher Education: Lessons from Asia and Other Regions”, IREG-6 Conference, Taipei, 19 y 20 de abril, Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan, pp. 125-142.
CLARKE, M. (2007): “The Impact of Higher Education Rankings on Student Access, Choice and Opportunity”, en IHEP (ed.): College and University Ranking Systems: Global Perspectives and American Challenges, Washington DC, Institute for Higher Education Policy, pp. 35–47.
CONICYT (2017): Becas para estudios de postgrado en Chile y en el Extranjero. Disponible en: http://www.conicyt.cl/becasconicyt/postulantes/ranking/. Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR UNIVERSITARIA (2017): Programa para el Desarrollo Profesional Docente, para el Tipo Superior (PRODEP). Disponible en: http://www.dgesu.ses.sep.gob.mx/PRODEP.htm. Consultado el 3 de
marzo de 2017.
DOWNING, K. (2011): “Rating the rankings: choose your poison carefully”, QS Showcase ASIA 2011, pp. 24-26.
DURAND, J.C. (2012): “Rankings. El irresistible encanto de lo simple”, Desde la Austral, vol. 1, n° 1, pp. 6-8.
FEDERKEIL, G. (2008): “Rankings and Quality Assurance in Higher Education”, Higher Education in Europe, vol. 33, n° 2/3, pp. 219-231.
GAYLE, D. J.; TEWARIE, B. y QUINTON WHITE, A. (2003): Governance in the Twenty-First-Century University: Approaches to Effective Leadership and Strategic Management, California, Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series.
HAUG, G. (2012): “Salir de la dictadura de los rankings universitarios internacionales”. Sistema básico de indicadores para la Educación Superior de América Latina. INFOACES. Disponible en: http://www.infoaces.org/boletin/boletin_1.html. Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
HAZELKORN, E. (2009a): “Impact of Global Rankings on Higher Education Research and the Production of Knowledge”, Unesco Forum on Higher Education, Research and Knowledge, Occasional Paper nº 15. Disponible en: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001816/181653e.pdf. Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
HAZELKORN, E. (2009b): “Rankings and the Battle for World Class Excellence. Institutional Strategies and Policy Choices”, Higher Education Management and Policy, vol. 21, n° 1, pp. 1-22.
HAZELKORN, E. (2009c): “The problem with university rankings”, Science and Development Network. Disponible en: http://www.scidev.net/en/opinions/the-problemwith-university-rankings.html. Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
HAZELKORN, E. (2009d): “Impact of College Rankings on Institutional Decision Making: Four Country Case Studies”, Institute for Higher Education Policy (IHEP.), Informe breve. Disponible en: http://www.ihep.org/research/publications/impactcollege-rankings institutional-decision-making-four-country-case. Consultado el 3 de
marzo de 2017.
HAZELKORN, E. (2011a): Rankings and the Reshaping of Higher Education: The Battle for World Wide Excellence, New York, Palgrave Mac Millan.
HAZELKORN, E. (2011b): “Rankings: ¿Does What Get Counted Get Done?”, International Higher Education, n° 65, pp. 4-6.
HAZELKORN, E. (2013): “World-class universities or world-class systems? Rankings and higher education policy choices”, en P. T. M. Marope, P. J. Wells y E. Hazelkorn (eds): Rankings and Accountability in Higher Education. Uses and Misuses, París, UNESCO, pp. 71-94.
HAZELKORN, E. (2014): “University rankings schizophrenia? Europe impact study”, University World News, n° 343. Disponible en: http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.phpstory=20141113071956625&query=hazelkorn. Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
HAZELKORN, E., LOUKKOLA, T. y ZHANG, T. (2014): Rankings in Institutional Strategies and Processes: Impact or Illusion?, Bruselas, The European University Association. Disponible en: http://www.eua.be/Libraries/publications-homepagelist/EUA_RISP_Publication. Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA AND BEYOND (2014): Making way to global university rankings: Russian Master Plan. Disponible en: https://www.hse.ru/data/2014/05/16/1321296879/HERB_01_Spring.pdf.
Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION PAKISTAN (2017): Universities Ranking. Disponible en: http://www.hec.gov.pk/english/universities/pages/rank.aspx. Consultado el 1 de marzo de 2017.
KEHM, B. (2014): “Global University Rankings - Impacts and Unintended Side Effects”, European Journal of Education, vol. 49, n° 1, pp. 102-113.
KEHM, B. y ERKKILA, T. (2014): “Editorial: The ranking game”, European Journal of Education, vol. 49, n° 1, pp. 3-11.
LABI, A. (2011): “Review of University Rankings Offers a Comprehensive Critique of the Process”, The Chronicle of Higher Education, 17 de junio de 2011. Disponible en: http://chronicle.com/article/Review-of-University-Rankings/127932/. Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
LIU, N. C. (2013): “The Academic Ranking of World Universities and its future direction”, en P. T. M. Marope, P. J. Wells y E. Hazelkorn (eds): Rankings and Accountability in Higher Education. Uses and Misuses, París, UNESCO, pp. 23-40.
LLOYD, M. (2012): “La mea culpa de los rankeadores”, Campus Milenio, n° 470. Disponible en: https://works.bepress.com/marion_lloyd/10/. Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
LOCKE, W. (2011): “The institutionalization of rankings: managing status anxiety in an increasingly marketized environment”, en J. C. Shin, R. K. Toutkoushian y U. Teichler (eds): University Rankings.Theoretical Basis, Methodology and Impacts on Global Higher Education, Dordrecht, Springer, pp. 201–228.
LUXBACHER, G. (2013): “World university rankings: How much influence do they really have?”, The Guardian, 10 de septiembre de 2013. Disponible en: https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/blog/2013/sep/10/universityrankings-influence-government-policy. Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
MARGINSON, S. (2012): “Global university rankings: the Strategic Issues”, Seminario Las universidades latinoamericanas ante los rankings internacionales: impactos alcances y límites, México DF, UNAM, 17 y 18 de mayo. Disponible en: http://www.encuentro-rankings.unam.mx/Documentos/ConferenciaMagistralMarginsontexto.pdf.
Consultado el 15 de febrero de 2017.
MARGINSON, S. y VAN DER WENDE, M. (2007): “Globalisation and Higher
Education”, OECD Education Working Papers 8, Melbourne, OECD Publishing.
MAROPE, P. y WELLS, P. (2013): “University Rankings: The Many Sides of the Debate”, en P. T. M. Marope, P. J. Wells y E. Hazelkorn (eds): Rankings and Accountability in Higher Education. Uses and Misuses, París, UNESCO, pp. 7-19.
MERTON, R. (1968): “The Matthew Effect in Science.” Science, vol. 159, n° 3810, pp.56-66.
MILLETT, J. D. (1985): “Governance of Higher Education”, en T. Husen y T. Neville Postlethwaite (eds): The international encyclopedia of education, Oxford, Pergamon Press.
MINISTERIO COORDINADOR DE CONOCIMIENTO Y TALENTO HUMANO (2017): “Listado de las 175 universidades de excelencia que reconoce la SENESCYT”. Disponible en: http://www.conocimiento.gob.ec/listado-de-las-175-universidades-deexcelencia-que-reconoce-la-senescyt/. Consultado 15 de marzo de 2017.
MINISTERIO DA EDUCAÇÃO (2016): Ciencia sem Fronteiras. Disponible en: http://www.cienciasemfronteiras.gov.br/web/csf/paises-parceiros. Consultado el 10 de marzo de 2017.
MONTUFAR SALCEDO, C. E. (2015): “¿El ‘QS World University Ranking’ es un instrumento clasificación académica valido para la política pública en América Latina?”, Revista de Investigación Silogismo, vol. 1, n° 16, pp. 144-149. Disponible en: http://cide.edu.co/ojs/index.php/silogismo/article/view/239. Consultado el 20 de febrero de 2017.
MORPHEW, C. C. y SWANSON, C. (2011): “On the efficacy of raising your university’s ranking”, en J. C. Shin, R. K. Toutkoushian y U. Teichler (eds.): University Rankings.Theoretical Basis, Methodology and Impacts on Global Higher Education, Dordrecht, Springer, pp. 185–199.
RAUHVARGERS, A. (2011): Global University Rankings and their impact, Bruselas, European University Association. Disponible en: http://www.eua.be/Libraries/publications-homepage-list/Global_University_Rankings_and_Their_Impact.pdf?sfvrsn=4. Consultado el 10 de febrero de 2017.
RAUHVARGERS, A. (2013): Global University Rankings and their impact. Report II, Bruselas, European University Association. Disponible en: http://www.eua.be/Libraries/publications-homepage-list/EUA_Global_University_Rankings_and_Their_Impact_-_Report_II. Consultado el 10 de febrero de 2017.
ROIG, H.I. (2012): “Los rankings como forma de evaluación”, Seminario Las universidades latinoamericanas ante los rankings internacionales: impactos alcances y límites, México DF, UNAM, 17 y 18 de mayo. Disponible en: http://www.encuentrorankings.unam.mx/Documentos/rankinghroig.pdf. Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
SAGENMÜLLER BÓRQUEZ, I. (2016): “¿Miden los rankings internacionales la calidad de la educación superior?” Disponible en: http://www.uplanner.com/es/blog/miden-los-rankings-internacionales-la-calidad-de-la-educacionsuperior. Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
SALMI, J. y LIU, N. C. (2011): “Paths to a World-Class University”, en N. C. Liu, Q. Wang y Y. Cheng (eds.): Paths to a World-Class University Lessons from Practices and Experiences, Rotterdam, Sense Publisher, pp. 9-17.
TEICHLER, U. (2011): “Social Contexts and Systemic Consequence of University Rankings: A Meta-Analysis of the Ranking Literature”, en J. C. Shin, R. K. Toutkoushian y U. Teichler (eds.): University Rankings. Theoretical Basis, Methodology and Impacts on Global Higher Education, Dordrecht, Springer, pp. 55-72.
USHER, A. y SAVINO, M. (2006): “Estudio global de los rankings universitarios”, Calidad en la Educación, n° 25, pp. 33-53.
VAN VUGHT, F. A. y WESTERHEIJDEN, F. (2010): “Multidimensional ranking: a new transparency tool for higher education and research”, Higher Education Management and Policy, vol. 22, n° 3, pp. 31-56. Disponible en: https://www.oecd.org/edu/imhe/50314089.pdf. Consultado el 1 de noviembre de 2016.
VOGEL, G. (2016): “Germany’s excellence program gets good grades”, Science, enero. Disponible en: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/01/germany-sexcellence-program-gets-good-grades. Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
WHEELER, D. (2010): “Survey Question Impact of University Rankings”, The Chronicle of Higher Education, 22 de junio de 2010. Disponible en:
http://chronicle.com/article/Survey-Questions-Impact-of/66014/.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All CTS's issues and academic articles are under a CC-BY license.
Since 2007, CTS has provided open and free access to all its contents, including the complete archive of its quarterly edition and the different products presented in its electronic platform. This decision is based on the belief that offering free access to published materials helps to build a greater and better exchange of knowledge.
In turn, for the quarterly edition, CTS allows institutional and thematic repositories, as well as personal web pages, to self-archive articles in their post-print or editorial version, immediately after the publication of the final version of each issue and under the condition that a link to the original source will be incorporated into the self-archive.
