Uma abordagem reflexiva sobre a implantação de novos padrões de investigação e sua governança
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52712/issn.1850-0013-972Palavras-chave:
políticas de investigação, responsabilidade, ciência-sociedade, governança do conhecimentoResumo
O paradigma da Investigação e Inovação Responsáveis (RRI, na sigla em inglês) é um eixo transversal no âmbito do programa Horizonte 2020, impulsionado pela Comissão Europeia, que propõe abrir ao escrutínio público as visões, as demandas e os conhecimentos que contribuem para traçar os futuros sociotécnicos. No entanto, a análise comparativa do desempenho dos diferentes atores envolvidos nos sistemas de I&D&i, bem como das regiões europeias e dos diferentes níveis institucionais, mostra que a sua implementação tem sido desigual e irregular. Neste artigo, relatamos alguns workshops participativos com atores do sistema basco de investigação e inovação com o objetivo de elucidar suas atitudes, conhecimentos e motivações em relação às iniciativas que promovem uma maior permeabilidade da atividade científico-tecnológica às demandas econômicas, sociais e éticas. Os resultados confirmam a existência de barreiras que dificultam a implementação eficaz da abordagem RRI (barreiras cognitivas, falta de consciência, escassez de recursos, inscrições culturais) e nos permitem identificar uma série de medidas que podem contribuir para superá-las (quadros regulatórios, programas de capacitação, sistema de incentivos, serviços profissionais). A principal conclusão é que uma transformação inclusiva e deliberativa dos padrões de investigação e inovação não depende apenas de medidas concretas, mas requer a melhoria da capacidade reflexiva do sistema de inovação por meio de mecanismos que possibilitem uma colaboração eficaz dos agentes do sistema de I&D&i em todas as fases do processo da atividade de investigação.
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